The Impact of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Protocols on Outcomes in Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery
Zarizul Zainal
Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jalan Kota Bharu-Machang, 18500 Machang, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Hakim Baharudin
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Jalan Masjid Tanah, Parit Raja, 86400 Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia.
Aina Khalid
Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
Abstract
Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols have emerged as a transformative approach to perioperative care, aiming to reduce complications, shorten hospital stays, and enhance patient outcomes. In hepatobiliary and pancreatic (HBP) surgery, where patients are often subject to high morbidity and extended recovery times, the implementation of ERAS protocols represents a paradigm shift. This review examines the impact of ERAS protocols on clinical outcomes in HBP surgery, emphasizing their role in optimizing patient care pathways. Through a synthesis of current literature, this paper highlights the key elements of ERAS protocols, including preoperative patient education, multimodal analgesia, early mobilization, and tailored nutritional support. Evidence suggests that ERAS protocols significantly reduce postoperative complications, expedite functional recovery, and lower healthcare costs without increasing readmission rates. However, successful implementation requires multidisciplinary collaboration and adherence to evidence-based guidelines. Challenges such as patient heterogeneity, surgical complexity, and resource limitations may affect protocol standardization and outcomes. This paper discusses the benefits, limitations, and future directions of ERAS in HBP surgery, advocating for further research to refine these protocols and expand their applicability. By fostering a patient-centered, evidence-driven approach, ERAS protocols have the potential to revolutionize care in this challenging surgical domain.
